Tense and usages

📘 TENSE – Detailed Notes (Easy Explanation)

Tense refers to the time of an action.
It shows when an action happens:

👉Present (now)
👉Past (already happened)
👉Future (will happen)

Each tense has four forms:

1. Simple (Indefinite)
2. Continuous (Progressive)
3. Perfect
4. Perfect Continuous

✅ 1. PRESENT TENSE

A. Simple Present Tense
Use:

1. Habit or routine
Ex- He gets up early.
2. Universal truths
Ex- The sun rises in the east.
3. General facts
Ex- Water boils at 100°C.
4. Scheduled events
Ex- The train leaves at 5 pm.
5. Instructions
Ex- Open your books.

Structure:

👉 Positive: Subject + V1 (+ s/es) + ow
👉Negative: Sub + do/does + not + V1 + ow
👉Question: Do/Does + subject + V1+ ow?

Examples:
1.She writes a letter.
Neg- She does not write a letter.
Int- Does she write a letter?
2.They play badminton.
Neg- They do not play badminton.
Int- Do they play badminton?

B. Present Continuous Tense
Use:

1. Action happening right now
2. Temporary actions
3. Future plans (near future)

Structure: Sub+ am/is/are + V1 + ing + ow 
Examples:
I am reading now.

They are preparing for exams.

C. Present Perfect Tense
Use:

1. Action completed recently
2. Experience
3. Action whose result is still present

Structure: Sub+has/have + V3+ ow

Examples:
She has finished her homework.
I have visited Puri twice.

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Use:
1. Action started in the past and continuing till now
2. Action showing duration

Structure:
Sub+ has/have been + V1 + ing + ow

Examples:
He has been studying for two hours.
They have been living here since 2010.

✅ 2. PAST TENSE

A. Simple Past Tense
Use:
1. Completed action in the past
2. Past habits
3. Story narration

Structure: Subject + V2+ ow
Examples:
She went to market yesterday.
They played cricket.

B. Past Continuous Tense
Use:
1. Action happening at a particular time in the past
2. Two actions happening together
3. Interrupted action in past
Structure: Sub+ was/were + V1 + ing
Examples:
I was reading when he came.
They were dancing at 8 pm.

C. Past Perfect Tense
Use:
1. Earlier action in past
2. To show sequence of events

Structure: Sub+ had + V3+ ow
Examples:
He had left before I arrived.
She had finished her work by evening.

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Use:
1. Past action that continued for some time
2. To show duration before another action happened

Structure: Sub+ had been + V1 + ing+ow
Examples:
They had been waiting for two hours before the bus came.
He had been studying all night.

 ✅ 3. FUTURE TENSE

A. Simple Future Tense
Use:
1. Future actions
2. Predictions
3. Instant decisions

Structure: Sub+ modal + V1+ ow
Examples:
I will help you.
It will rain today.

B. Future Continuous Tense
Use:
1. Action happening at a specific time in future
2. Planned future activity
Structure: Sub+ modal+ be + V1 + ing+ow 

Examples:
I will be traveling at 5 PM.
She will be studying tomorrow morning.

C. Future Perfect Tense
Use:
1. Action that will be completed before a certain future time
Structure: Sub+ will have + V3
Examples:
She will have finished the project by Monday.
They will have reached home by now.

D. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Use:
1. Action continuing for a period of time before a future point
Structure: Sub+ will have been + V1 + ing
Examples:
He will have been working here for 10 years by 2030.
I will have been studying for 2 hours by the time you come.

---

# ⭐ **TENSE CHART (Quick Revision)**

| Tense Type | Structure | Example |
| -------------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Simple Present | V1 / V1+s | She sings. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + ing | She is singing. |
| Present Perfect | has/have + V3 | She has sung. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | has/have been + ing | She has been singing. |
| Simple Past | V2 | She sang. |
| Past Continuous | was/were + ing | She was singing. |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 | She had sung. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had been + ing | She had been singing. |
| Simple Future | will + V1 | She will sing. |
| Future Continuous | will be + ing | She will be singing. |
| Future Perfect | will have + V3 | She will have sung. |
| Future Perfect Continuous | will have been + ing | She will have been singing. |


⭐ **Important Tips for Exams (CHSE Odisha)

✔ Use **since** for point of time (2012, morning, Monday)
✔ Use **for** for period of time (2 hours, 5 years)
✔ After **before**, **already**, **when** → often use **Past Perfect**
✔ Do not use **V2** with **did** in negative/interrogative
✔ Use **Present Perfect** for recently completed actions

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